Mrkh

Depression, anxiety and low self-confidence in adult female person with Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome (MRKH) Abstract Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome (MRKH) is a rargon syndrome that non solitary(prenominal) throws physical builds only when emotional. The mental effects of woman diagnosed with MRKH get weaving taboo neer been fully discovered. The hypothesis and or purpose of this study is to evaluate self-report measures of mental grief in woman with MRKH syndrome compared to woman without MRKH syndrome.A group of woman with MRKH bequeath be pass judgmented through and through anxiety, economic crisis, and self-esteem scales to determine any(prenominal) psychological di filter out MRKH had on them when they first received the diagnosis up until later on in life. Similar studies and theories swear that coping with sterileness mickle be taxing and cause psychological issues throughout a womans life. I belief observing woman when diagnosed with MRKH as well as following up with woman later on traffic with the initial jounce of this syndrome will go along insight to universe able to give prudish coping skills to not only woman with MRKH syndrome further woman with infertility issues.Keywords MRKH, anxiety, notion, infertility, menstrual disorders Introduction MRKH is a rare condition found in approximately 1 in 5000 female births, and it is typically diagnosed in mid-adolescence (Leidolf, 2006). The psychosexual development and the identity, femininity, body im climb on and self-esteem of the patients can be greatly impaired by receiving this type of information about their bodies (Laggari, et al. , 2009). Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome is a condition that involves congenital absence of the vagina, fallopian tubes, cervix and/ or uterus.Some women have uterine remnants, or horns. External genitalia are normal. Chromosome karyotype is 46XX(normal female). The incidence rate is approximately cardinal in 500 0. Other symptoms involved to varying degrees are kidney abnormalities, skeletal problems and auditory modality loss. The cause is somewhat unclear, precisely the Syndrome occurs during the 4th-6th week of fetal development (Heller-Hoersma, Schmidt, Edmons, 2009). MRKH syndrome is split into two types type I Rokitansky sequence and type II MURCS association.Isolated utero-vaginal aplasia is referred to as Rokitansky sequence or to type I (isolated) MRKH syndrome. Incomplete aplasia and/or associated with new(prenominal) malformations, is generally referred to as MURCS association (or type II MRKH syndrome) (Camborieux, Guerrier, Morcel, 2007). Many components go into each case found with MRKH syndrome. Surgery may be in order to have a correctly functioning vagina in some(prenominal) a(prenominal) cases. There are many different elements that can affect woman with MRKH syndrome physically and psychologically.Menstruation is considered to be one of the archetypal symbols of fem ininity and thus constitutes a phenomenon of spacious significance in the nature of woman (Laggari, et al. , 2009). Living in a world where fertility is a virtue can cause many confusing thoughts for those who are infertile. Adolescent girls struggle when hard to infix out who they are as kids and as women. Magazines, Television and Role Models test the importance of becoming a mother and giving birth.Seeing pregnant women on a day-to-day basis as well as displayed as beautiful in the media shapes a certain image in girls minds. When diagnosed with MRKH many women feel confuse, angry, and hurt. Adjusting to the diagnosis of MRKH is a rugged and traumatic process for these women, makeing(a) them to question their identity as women and to experience a sense of sloppiness regarding their gender, their bodies, and their social and sexual roles (Leidolf, 2006). Being diagnosed as abnormal can lead to many questions about ones identity.Many women who struggle with infertility diff iculties struggle with psychological difficulties. MRKH syndrome is a rare disorder and has been limitedly studied. Looking at the connection amidst psychological stress with woman who have MRKH and those who do not will give insight to many syndromes that deal with infertility issues for example polycystic ovary syndrome. Studies that have been interpreted have visualizen a strong connection between anxiety and depression with woman with MRKH syndrome. Limited sample sizes have caused strain in the knightly studies.A past study states really little is cognize about the piddling and long-term psychological impact of MRKHS in females, but several clinicians have suggested that the physical malformations, absence of menstruation and infertility and the subsequent surgical discussion may all contribute to narcissistic damage in these patients (Laggari, et al. , 2009). purpose out this information can serve up doctors prepare in helping woman cope with the struggles of inferti lity. In women with MRKH is it not only the struggle with infertility but also the conflict of identity.Many of these patients may also become downcast questioning themselves over their gender and doubting their ability to fulfill the female role as adults in the future. They report that infertility is the most difficult part of the condition for young woman to accept (Laggari, et al. , 2009). Doing two individualised interviews with patients with MRKH syndrome really helped get into the eyes of how one dealt with the overwhelming feelings of being diagnosed with this syndrome as a teen, and dealing with and living with MRKH as an adult.This interview will help in the preparation for the study we hope to perform for the future. Having such a rare disorder makes it not only difficult to study but difficult to find participants. Finding those with MRKH syndrome around the world willing to enroll in this interview was very helpful. A set of interview questions was produced to procu re the best quality answers. Fake names were used to ensure the loneliness of patients. converse Questions 1. How old were you when you found out you had MRKH syndrome 2. How did you find out you had MRKH syndrome . What were the feelings/emotions you matt-up when you found this out? 4. Was in that mess anything that doctors could have improved on? 5. Was there a bear system available? Or something you would have care to see? 6. Was there anything that would have made conclusion out and dealing with having MRKH easier? I asked two participants of different ages. Both woman were asked the equivalent questions Alicia litre age of age, and Jessica twenty-two years of age. Alicia was diagnosed with MRKH at the age of fifteen, she found out due to not having a normal size vagina. Only a dimple sized vagina. When she found out she was devastated, the doctors were pocking and prodding at her not having a support system treating her like some kind of experiment. nowadays I am ve ry thankful and try to be of any help to girls who are struggling with what I went through, never extremitying a girl to have to go through it alone like I did. I know how hard it can be and believe a strong support system is very important. Jessica is only twenty-two years of age and found out she had MRKH at fourteen years of age due to a lack of menstruation.Jessica said she was very confused, she thought something was legal injury with her because she was different from all of her friends. After she found out she had MRKH she was overwhelmed but felicitous she didnt feel so lost and alone. Jessica said she still went through a great deal of depression and grieving but it was great having a support group and having many girls that were going through the same thing. I found it very interesting to see the differences in answers between Alicia and Jessica due to their difference in age.Even though MRKH syndrome is still a very rare syndrome the doctors dealing with this syndrome are trying to improve on the support systems to keep improving on the psychological effects that this emotional syndrome can have on women. Methodology Section Recent studies have been performed trying to evaluate self-report measures of psychological distress in woman with MRKH syndrome compared to woman without MRKH syndrome but have none have fully succeded. Past studies have struggled with finding a significant sample size.I plan to contact woman with MRKH syndrome not only in the United States but also the United Kingdom. Having a bigger range will help get a more than significant sample size. The four main MRKH doctors will be contacted in hope they will participate in this study. Helping find patients through this source will not only be helpful but more successful. I hope to find a central location to perform this study. Boston, Massachusetts is one of the central hubs for the MRKH community and believe it would be a great location for the experiment to take place.Before th e experiment was to start I believe all the woman should be informed that there is a support system available at all clock times, if they are in any way uncomfortable they do not indigence to feel pressured to answer any questions, and or can return as they please not having a time limit. I believe that this is a very difficult subject and should be treated with the utmost care. transaction with infertility and identity issues can cause great psychological stress on a woman. I believe looking at anxiety, depression and self-esteem would be a good start to looking at the psychological effects MRKH syndrome has had on women. apply The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), which is a widely used questionnaire and is the depression rating scale that is most often used with adolescents. BDI consists of 16 items, designed to assess the cognitive behavioral effective and material components of depression, and the severity or self-reported depressive symptoms (Laggari, et al. , 2009). The Sta te-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), which is used extensively to assess global anxiety that varies across situations and anxiety that is invariable across time and situations. The STAI is composed of two separate self-report scales (Laggari, et al. 2009). Rosenburg Self-Esteem scale is 10 items being rated strongly agrees to strongly disagree. This questionnaire observes how one views ones own worth. Using these scales will let us observe the difference between woman with MRKH and woman without MRKH. Because MRKH is such a stressful syndrome the belief is the results will show significantly higher ratings in depression, anxiety, and self-esteem in woman with MRKH syndrome. It is important to following up with the woman who participated in the study years after the diagnosis.Looking to see the hopeful progress a woman has made in dealing with the diagnosis is important to helping women in the future. Using equivalent scales to assess their psychological state would be beneficial to track their progress. Reviewing and comparing both scales will then give an accurate depiction of the psychological effects that MRKH syndrome can have on a woman. I believe it is very important to make sure that a woman is stable enough to participate in these studies after being diagnosed with MRKH.Many women have been known to go through severe depression and even attempt felo-de-se after dealing with infertility issues, needing time to go through a proper grieving process. We want to get accurate measures, but want to make sure that participants are emotionally stable after loss the experiment. References Laggari, V. , Diareme, S. , Christogiorgos, S. , Deligeorglou, E. , Chrisopoulos, P. , Tsiantis, J. , & Creatsas, G. (2009). Anxiety and depression in adolescents with polycystic ovary syndrome and Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser syndrome. journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics and Gynecology, 30(22). 3-88. Laure Camborieux, Daniel Guerrier, Karine Morcel. (2007). Mayer-Rokitans ky-Kuster-Hauser (MRKH) syndrome. Orphanet Journal of Rare Diseases. 13. Leidolf, E. (2006). The missing vagina monologueand beyond. Journal of Gay Lesbian Psychotherapy. 10(2), 77-92. Heller-Boersma, J. G. , Schmidt, U. H. , & Edmons, D. (2009). psychological distress in women with uterovaginal agenesis (Mayer-Rokitansky-Kuster-Hauser Syndrome. MRKH). Psychosomatics Journal of Consultation Liason Psychiatry. 50(3). 277-281. Parker, L. (2012, November). Personal Interview Taylor, T. (2012, November). Personal Interview

What is Substance Abuse Counseling

I am just starting to learn to the highest degree the kinetics of substance abuse focussing. At this point, early on in my learning, I watch it to be a practice of advocacy to wait on those psyches with various levels of addiction in relation to drugs, alcohol and chemical dependence to a road of recovery. Substance abuse counseling identifies he pedigree of the addiction through assessments and check tools and oblations solutions to the leaf node.A substance abuse proponents duty is to offer autonomy by giving advice and resourcefulnesss that will assist in get clean, not to convince or to persuade them on which route to turn over in the road to recovery. Substance abuse counseling offers many levels of resources for recovery, in relations to addictions and illnesses that derive from or caused by the addiction, analyzing psycho and mental health, and referring them to curb professionals that can assist them tit the recovery process and helping them to infer how to g et better.WHEN Substance abuse counseling would be appropriate when a client indicates a need to recover from an addition or habituation. The counselor determines what course of action to take through a series of assessments and screening instruments. Counseling would be ideal as well for persons that are court-ordered to dish up counseling. At this point, the courts have determined there Is an addiction or dependency issue that was derived from satellites that took place with the client prior to appointing this treatment.Counseling Is needed when a client asks for resources In relation to addiction recovery and other crawls that derive from addiction or dependency, such as family Issues, health Issues and challenges that affect the clients quality of life history that were directly or Indirectly stemmed from the challenges of their addiction or dependency. A counselor would counsel because they have a desire to assist a client to recover from their addiction. My interest in ass isting those with challenges of addiction drives me to work nasty to find solutions that will aid the client in recovery.Counseling is used as a tool of advocacy for clients that are in the recovery process. It has been a very effective avenue of treatment and is used because it helps to not unaccompanied identify the source of the problem, plainly also how to recover from the problem, also to send for the various areas that are connected to the root problem which is addiction. Counseling is beneficial, because of its panoptic scope that targets all areas of the clients problems. The referral service that counselors provide not only helps the problem, but also the other problems that derive from the core reason the client s there, which is the addiction or dependency.Im sure there are things in this analyse that may not be 100% correct when it comes down to the dynamics of counseling and What it is, When we counsel and Why we counsel. I believe I only have the minimal understa nding of what substance abuse counseling is, but I am very determined to learn to a greater extent and become fluent in its language, its debt of resources and how to effectively counsel someone. My goal is to be that bridge for someone that is addicted or dependent to a person that is completely recovered.I have high interest in this line of merchandise because I have a desire to make a difference. I understand that I must continuously educate myself with knowledge in the field so that I can be the just about effective resource for the client. I am learning that Counselors use a lot of tests, assessments and screening tools to determine the best course of action for the client. I think the most challenging portion of learning how to counsel is remembering what tool applies to what situation. I am sure as time progresses and I learn more(prenominal) about counseling and the dynamics of counseling, it will become more familiar.

Optimism and Health Benefits Essay

Even the darkest night go forth end and the sun will rise. This quote from Victor Hugo is a perfect example of optimism. When soul is approbatory, they set about a disposition or tendency to look on the to a greater extent favorable side of events or conditions and to expect the most favorable outcome. Optimism is alone a mental game. The brain flush toi allow interpret situations or events as being optimized meaning that some factors may non be fully comprehendible, yet having confidence that the present moment is in an optimist state. This understanding, although criticized by anticipate settings such as pessimism, realism, and idealism, leads to a state of mind that imagines everything is as it should be. With optimism, individual contains hopefulness and confidence about the future or the successful outcome of something. non wholly does optimism touch someone confidence, it excessively provides many health benefits and a sense of purpose in carriage. Is your glas s one-half empty, or half full? This saying is a common idiom that illustrates optimism versus pessimism an optimist is said to attain the glass half full, and a pessimist sees the glass as half empty.Winston Churchill provides a nonher(prenominal) unique understanding of this idea The optimist sees opportunity in every peril the pessimist sees danger in every opportunity, The defining characteristic of pessimists is that they tend to believe bad events will last a long time, will undermine everything they do, and are their own blame. The optimists, who are confronted with the same problems of the world, think about incident in the opposite way. They tend to believe defeat is honorable a temporary setback. Provoked by a bad situation, they perceive is as a challenge to try harder. If the thoughts that run through ones head are mostly ostracize, their outlook on liveness is more likely to be pessimistic. There is nothing better in life than having a peace of mind that no matt er what the troubles are that life may bring, everything will be okay and that life has so ofttimes to offer. Unfortunately this peace of mind does not happen over-night, it takes years of trials and experiences to be able to see the bright side of any given situation. lot are not automatically born with optimism they have to experience negative circumstances in order to find the strength to be optimistic in general. Without hardships, optimism would not grow. Optimism often arrives with self-importance-talk.These endless streams of unspoken thoughts can all be coercive, or negative. Optimism does not mean that one keeps their head in the sand and ignore lifes less unpleasant situations, it just means that the approach to the unpleasantness is in a more positive and creative way. With this approach to any given situation, stress can be reduced. frequently times race upset themselves over something minute, causing a lack of sleep, unhealthy eating habits, hostile mood, etc. W hat they do not know is that with a wide-eyed thought of, I can do this, or It will be okay, their whole stream of thoughts eventually startle following that positive pattern, changing their whole mood, reducing stress, and increasing their chances of overcoming obstacles. not only does an optimistic view reduce stress, it in addition decreases the risks of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and infections.Optimism itself, not just its association with happiness, discredits anxiety, thus causing less opposition, and has the potential to lower the risk of a stroke. U.S. researchers followed more than 97,000 women for about eight years. Measures of optimism and cynical hostility were strongly associated with these outcomes Optimists had a lower incidence of heart disease and summarise mortality. Conversely, cynical hostility, which is a lack of confidence and increased bitterness, was associated with both high overall mortality and cancer-related effects. Along with positive health benefits, optimism similarly gives someone a sense of purpose. American psychologist, Salvatore Maddi, co-author of Resilience at work on How to Succeed No Matter What Life Throws at You, extensively analyze what makes executives tough in the face of work-related stress.He found that the healthiest of executives shared triple characteristics a feeling of commitment, a sense of control in their lives, and an espousal of lifes stressful moments as challenges rather than threats. This research confirms that having a sense of commitment to a purpose does not merely give someone meaning it makes them more resistant to the impact of stressful living. This view on optimism can increase ones chances of succeeding their goals or dreams, and not allowing negative situations to hinder their attitude. With hopefulness that their goals will be achieved, their motivation is amplified as well. Optimism is a way of life that is not learned automatically, it takes time and exertion to altogether change ones mindset. This mindset has many positive effects. A firm confidence in ones self develops, and they have self-assurance that no matter what life throws at them, it is completely assertable to overcome those obstacles.Optimists tend to believe that defeat is not their fault circumstances, bad luck, or other people bring it about. Such people are unfazed by defeat. Optimism not only gives one confidence, but also provides a countless number of health benefits. With an optimistic attitude, depression can be reversed. Although it takes time to get out of a slump, just the start of positive self-talk can remove one out of despair. Positive self-talk also reduces stress and the chance of cardiovascular disease, hypertension, and strokes. A sense of purpose also develops with someone who acquires an optimistic mentality. A sense of purpose does not only give someone meaning, it helps them to overcome the stresses that life brings. Optimism merely starts with a simple I will be okay. It takes small steps, but it is completely possible for one to change their outlook on life and not let circumstances defeat ones life.

Reflecting reality in film documentaries Essay

The paradox of reality stems from the fact that it is a combination of abstract and concrete concepts. nobble since different kinds of reality bed be subjectively formed and understood. It cannot be quantified from a single perspective alone. In the meantime, reality is concrete since it is mostthing that for each one and every individual mustiness readily confront. Reality is begin of human races constant struggle. The puzzling complexity that embodies the spirit of reality is nonetheless more felt on how it is represent, presented or articulated in otherwise forms.Literature exploits the power of words to explain reality, singers capitalize on music. merely the task be cums even harder as for the case of demand makers who argon judge to utilize both visual and musical ele handsts to represent reality. In ingest-making, it cannot be denied that the use of different technologies somehow affect how reality is shown. For every filmmaker, thither is the challenge to ma ke their works of art convincingconvincing, in the gumption that a film seems to devoid of any technological mediation and incarnate interestand at the same time retaining the subject matter in its nice and organic form.With this pursuit, the emergence of film documentaries came into life. Kibborn once noted that film documentaries aim to offer a window of the world (p. 53). This would not come as a surprise since films, whether they are created for commercial purposes are therefore reflections of a much wider world view. Some filmmakers have fared well, while some, unfortunately, failed. On the other hand, there are others, who have seen film documentaries as a tool to immortalize not only their works scarcely withal their names. The film industry owes it all to the Lumiere Brothers.This generation would not experience the beaut and artistry of films if not for these two. Since early film tools and equipments are not that school during that time, silent films tend to dominat e the (big screen). However, what is even more amazing in this context is the manner in which the Lumiere Brothers have managed to present reality with pure visual images alone. Films do communicate and try to reach to their respective audiences. only when then again, the absence of sounds seems to make the presentation a bit complex and difficult.However, if one would stick to the principle in which reality is comprised of events that are experient in everyday lives, situations that are commonly confronted by ordinary pile, it can be fairly said that the Lumiere Brothers stand out. If one has to take a closer look at Arrival of a Train (Nichols 83), such(prenominal) event is commonly encountered. The camera focuses on the train and the people that stimulate in the station. A close digging is chosen as if trying to tell every intricate sequence and details of the said event. unwitting and unscripted, the actors are seen in their most natural ways and manners. Such proficiency is likewise used in Nanook of the North by Robert Flaherty. However, Flaherty incorporated some texts. Perhaps it can be argued that the Flaherty wants to make the a more undimmed and descriptive storytelling approach. There is the intention to relate to the audience what is positively accident rather than to interpret the stories on their own. There is a impression in the film wherein the boat is being covered with a piece of textile before going down the river.In this case, a close shot was again used, in order to show how intricate the processes are. Yet, during the part wherein the actual trek is going on, a long shot was utilized, thus readily evoking a feeling that the group is on their journey. The characters looked small during that shot and the notion of space and distance were further highlighted. From documenting everyday routines to inserting texts in the film, documentaries are in like manner flavored with the directors political perspective as for the case of Dz iga Vertov.Hicks even described Vertov as the so-called genie of propaganda films primarily because of its strong Marxist beliefs and visions (8). Taylor described that Vertov ushered reality through the montage technique (74). In this manner, Vertov, since he is also into propaganda reflects life beyond what is ordinarily seen, but rather it is on how it should be seen (Taylor 74). In the film, Three Songs of Lenin, different scenes are patched together. There is the part wherein a group of marching men were shown and followed by a scene that focuses on three statues.Another group of marching people is presented but this time, women, with holding high powered guns are also shown, then it goes cover song to the three statues. Vertov, as a propagandist who wanted to tell the people what life should be seem to purport that equality between men and women must be readily observed. At the same time, the three statues that are constantly shown is reflective of an ideology or school of thought that must be readily followed and practiced. In the meantime, John Grierson is a film amateur who is one of those who laid down the foundations of realism theories in films (Aitken 162).Elis and Mclane noted that Grierson readily influenced many film makers (73). He is also responsible for proliferating such film genre in English-speaking nations (Ellis & Mclane 73). Grierson firmly believes that in order to depict reality properly, reality should be free from all forms of manipulationthat it should be captured in its raw form rather than mastered in man-made environments (Aitken 167). Works Cited Aitken, Ian. European Film Theory and Cinema A detailed Introduction. Scotland Edinburgh Press, 2001Ellis, Jack and Betsy McLane. A New History of Film Documentary. London Continuum worldwide Publishing, 2005 Hicks, Jeremy. Dziga Vertov Defining Documentary Film. London I. B Tauris Publishers, 2007 Kibborn, Richard. Staging the Real factual TV Programming in the Age of Big Brot her. Oxford, UK Manchester University Press, 2003 Nichols, Bill. Introduction to Documentary. Bloomington atomic number 49 University Press, 2001 Taylor, Richard. Film Propaganda Soviet Russia and Nazi Germany. London I. B Tauris Publishers, 1998

Abstract Globalization Essay

Abstract Globalization is a term now circulating frequently in both ordinary media as sound as embodimental academic disciplines. It has many centres, many of which ar contestable, separates simply descriptive. This work attempts to explore some implications of globalization for the orbital cavity of political program studies. This paper is an attempt to explore some of the symbols of subject araity that ar introduce in, or associated with, our class, and to suggest that these gabardinethorn present some problems in hurt of values and of equality.The work entrust explore the hegemonic dealingship exerted by finishing with the platform, relating this decomposeicularly to the ways in which a course faculty be assessed. The interpretericular curricular examination suggests that Afro-American life and level argon reflected in diverse conceptions of the class. on that pointfore the flying field will in any case hand how structural get on to t dist ri al geniusivelying neighborly skills to African American scholars is inf habitd throughout the curriculum. class Development IntroductionA vague presumption has come to pervade the worlds sagacity of fosterage, namely that its cognitive content should somehow be apolitical and value-free. If values are non explicitly addressed in the classroom then what is taught are simple facts double-dyed(a) and value- so-so(p). Values, however, are not a separate category of the mind, unless arise, part and parcel, out of our total understanding of reality, our human race guess. It is this realization that three of our contributors bring to bear, each in a dissimilar way, on the problems of the contemporary curriculum. pile B.Macdonald (1971) asserts The forge of curriculum discipline includes selection from the total horticulture and the creation of a pattern of encounter that will maximize the authenticity of the material and the luck of its being internalized by lift u pers. As a system of ideas and beliefs, it includes aspects of the cognitive world isolated by disciplines and/or subjects in terms of facts, information, ecumenicalization, principles, constabularys, and the like. It in addition includes sensation of and facility in the use of expressive symbols such(prenominal) as art, practice of medicine and language.Further, it includes systems of value orientation for action in the form of such things as modes of inquiry, seeking new knowledge, respecting the integrity and worth of individuals, being concerned for other wads, using democratic procedures , and so forth (pp. 97-98). Macdonald takes issue with the attempt of all(prenominal)(prenominal) scholars to mimic science as the only reliable path to virtue. For him, restructuring the curriculum does not mean trying to integrate the disciplines as they now exist, but rather, seeking an altogether new worldview -what he c every last(predicate)s a new anthropology. His occlusion is that we privation to consider values, meaning, and purpose in the curriculum in format to create a more adaptive and accurate vision of the world. A balance must be maintained between local culture and global culture. Thanks to that balance, assemblages win be able to develop or rein ramp local cultures, and at the same time will be able to go along with the main global culture in a mutually reinforcing relationship. We must of course agree as to what language to use to communicate throughout the global network. The problem is not very different from what we do for instance in air traffic control.At a certain moment we must accept that in order to communicate we must remove a common global language. This does not waste local languages and cultures on the contrary. The fact that one speaks English does not hold back him/her from communicating in his/her native Italian, nor does it reduce his/her pride in Italian culture. By speaking English, he/she is able to communicate tha t culture to other cultures, and vice versa. The Global rearing mentioned in the abstract might be understood as the universal education of humankind a laudable goal. But we first have to ask what will we teach?There are too many facts to be taught, unless they are insufficient. We need instead to exercise our intelligence to grasp and teach what is best namely the promotion of our well-being. The heathen/historical dimension, whereby students are stimulated to broaden their side on life, is already being addressed in some programs of curriculum reform. At my home institution, Temple University, for example, a two semester course entitle The Intellectual Heritage is required for all undergraduate students. This course introduces germinal texts and ideas from western, African, and Asian traditional intellectual histories and cultures.Through classic whole kit such as the Tao Te Ching, the Koran, and the Analects, the heritage of all humankind, students are able to lard the ir intellectual and historical vision, while become sensitized to the values of their own, practi call offy unexplored, roots. This suggests that curriculum must include voices, visions, and perspectives of people of touch and other marginalized groups. literature Review Henderson noted in her paper that conventional economic guess is based more on the values of economic theorists and their wealthy sponsors than on actual observation of real economies (Davis 1988).Not only economics, but everything that is taught bears the attender of someones values whether those of a legislator, a teacher, a text edition writer, or a group of academic theorists. Value-neutrality is one of the just about permeating misconceptions of modern-day education. The curriculum is not unbiased, and students are not left to form their own opinions. Whatever is taught bears the imprint of the values implicit in hostelry, and if by chance those values are part of the cause of a societys problems, then it deceases essential to address them openly and critically in the educational curriculum.This, of course, is the real meaning of academic freedom, something that the American public has yet to accept. The problem of what set of values, what sort of vision of humankind, we could put in spotlight of or at least use to modify our present incorrect vision is taken up by Charles Weihsun Fu in a pictorial analysis of the distinctions between two of the worlds dominant worldviews the Eastasian and the modern Western. Fu skillfully juxtaposes the Confucian and Judeo-Christian understandings, pointing out the sociable and political consequences of each, and particularly their inherent weaknesses.More specifically, he contrasts their respective bases in someoneal religion and mixer responsibility on the one hand and in law and contractual relationships on the other. Fu concludes with a proposal for interweaving these two approaches which, if introduced into the Western curricul um, could take care simultaneously to correct our destructive tendencies toward derangement while softening our pretensions of example superiority. His arguments seem to us to feed well into those of Johan Galtung, who discusses the path to global witnesstsease under the next theme.The process by which change is to be courteous likewise is addressed by Frances Moore Lappe, as she critiques our political value system. besides often, Lappe argues, the curriculum teaches only superficial explanations for societys problems, relying upon the unexamined assumptions of single disciplines, which are often graced with the label of common adept. She calls for the introduction of dialogue into the curriculum to force us to delve deeper into the underlying causes of problems, thus revealing their true complexity. such dialogue ultimately demands the critical self-evaluation of values and a sense of political engagement that she believes are essential for an active, informed, truly democr atic citizenry. If they are to give a productive dialogue rather than a polarizing controversy, both Western traditionalists and the multi ethnicists must face some facts. The growing number of people of coloring material in our society and schools constitutes a demographic imperative educators must hear and respond to.The 1999 Census indicated that one of every four Americans is a person of color. By the turn of the century, one of every three will be of color. Nearly half of the nations students will be of color by 2020 (Council for Exceptional Children 2002). Although the school and university curriculums remain Western-oriented, this growing number of people of color will increasingly demand to share military group in curriculum decision making and in shaping a curriculum canon that reflects their experiences, histories, struggles, and victories. stack of color, women, and other marginalized groups are demanding that their voices, visions, and perspectives be included in the curriculum. They ask that the debt Western civilization owes to Africa, Asia, and indigenous America be acknowledge (Grossman 1998). The advocates of the Afro centric curriculum, in sometimes passionate language that reflects a ambitiousness long deferred, are merely a fellg that the cultures of Africa and African-American people be legitimized in the curriculum and that the African contributions to European civilization be acknowledged.People of color and women are excessively demanding that the facts virtually their victimization be told, for truths sake, but also because they need to better understand their conditions so that they and others can work to reform society. The significance of culture in curriculum implementation is supported by Michaels (1981) conceive of differences in narrative elbow rooms employ by African American children and their European-American teacher.In Michaels study, a European-American teacher did not sour explicit the literate narrative style sedulous in school accomplishment and, thus, African-American children did not acquire a prerequisite skill for reading acquisition. Narrative styles are culturally acquired. The narrative style employed in school is based on the European-American culture and does not need to be made explicit to most members of that culture. Schools and the curriculum are often portrayed as culturally neutral and, because the practice of culture has become traditional, it is difficult to set the specific aspects of culture that are present.A more specific example of teachers response to students cultural or cultural background is found in a look study account by Perry Gilmore (1985) in which African-American childrens access to advanced literacy is denied on the basis of their level of acculturation rather than acquisition of prerequisite skills. Creators of the shopworn curriculum as members, of the society, function in multiple settings (e. g. , systems) and, as a result, are socialized by many agents. Attitudes astir(predicate) what children should be taught and how they should be taught are shaped.Likewise, attitudes about social issues such as race and ethnicity are also influenced heavily by multiple systems-giving messages, sometimes conflicting messages, about the importance of these factors. Branch (1993) suggested that the ethnicity and race of the teachers/educators and learners figure prominently in the learning equation. He posits that the attribution of vitrineistics to learners influences how they perform in the classroom, perhaps as more than as their abilities.Frequently, teachers view African-American childrens academic performance as a function of their race and ethnicity and the children themselves may develop limiting self-perceptions as a consequence of their interactions within the ecosystem. For example, Fordham and Ogbu (1986) reported that some African-American lofty school students perceive academic excellence as an instance of playact ing White. Background It was not easy, even in the heyday of nineteenth-century nationalism, to define what was meant by national identity.Nations were often based on some notion of unity, or of consanguinity, or of some shared culture, or appearance, or language. None of these seems to be either a necessary or a sufficient condition, however. The fall in States manages without consanguinity, for examplethough it currently seems to see language as a defining issue, as can be seen in the moral panic attack about the possibility of non-English speakers forming a studyity. The pedagogic will seek to realize structures and curricula that are designed to maintain national identity, particularly at moments when national authority might seem to be in question.Bernstein (1971) expressed part of this when he wrote that how a society selects, classifies, distributes, transmits and evaluates the educational knowledge that it considers to be public reflects both the distribution of design er and the principles of social control. If existing power structures and distribution are to be maintained, knowledge, and the particular kinds of knowledge that constitute cultural heavy(p), must be selected and transmitted to particular groups.Such cultural capital must be identified, protected and valued everyplace other cultural phenomena. Authorities need to assert their identity and control, and, in the context of the arguments presented in this paper, they need national and cultural symbols to do this, and they need control over the way in which they are transmitted. Some of the unhappy facts of our condition are being disseminated through the media, but in spite of this we still mother from serious misunderstandings about the nature of global problems.While we have all been told that there are environmental, economic, and political crises the greenhouse effect, species extinction, the hole in the ozone layer, the tertiaryly World debt, the instability of political ins titutions and have been informed that there are some causative agents such as carbon dioxide emissions, deforestation, poverty, and a deficit of the enamor sustainable development, we clearly do not comprehend. We misunderstand scarcely because an insistence on the facts alone constitutes that little bit of knowledge that is a dangerous thing.Western traditionalists and multiculturalists must realize that they are entering into debate from different power positions. Western traditionalists hold the balance of power, financial resources, and the crystalize positions in the mass media, in schools, colleges and universities, government, and in the publishing industry (Duckworth 1996). current discussion between the traditionalists and the multiculturalists can take place only when power is placed on the table, negotiated, and shared.However, multiculturalists must acknowledge that they do not emergency to eliminate Aristotle and Shakespeare, or Western civilization, from the sch ool curriculum. To reject the West would be to reject important aspects of their own cultural heritages, experiences, and identities. The most important studious and literary works written by African-Americans, such as works by W. E. B. DuBois, Carter G. Woodson, and Zora Neale Hurston, are expressions of Western cultural experiences. African-American culture resulted from a blending of African cultural characteristics with those of African peoples in the United States (Wald 1996). rather than excluding Western civilization from the curriculum, multiculturalists wishing a more truthful, complex, and diverse variance of the West taught in the schools. They want the curriculum to describe the ways in which African, Asian, and indigenous American cultures have influenced and interacted with Western civilization (Combleth 1988). They also want schools to discuss not only the diversity and democratic ideals of Western civilization, but also its getures, tensions, dilemmas, and the st ruggles by various groups in Western societies to realize their dreams against peachy odds.The inclusion of African-American literature (a) clearly reveals the conflicts and contradictions of class, race, and gender bias in a democratic society, (b) puts students in touch with their own bias and that of their peers, and (c) helps students learn to challenge bias in themselves, their peers, and the larger society, and in the literature they read. The teachers personal commitment allows to overcome aspects of the school culture and opposition and racial conflict among students to reach a point of shared understanding and experience for students.The racial conflict clearly raises the issue of personal and group identity, however. Method Curriculum development is designed to reflect the course of study in schools. It is intended to present information to students in an organized stylus through various steeringal methods and strategies. Teachers must be cognizant of creative and inno vative ways to individualize and maximize learning for pupils by providing practical learning activities. Designing curriculum involves two major methodologies (Grossman 1998). The first methodological analysis is experimental instruction.Experimental instruction is designed to intrinsically motivate student interests inside and outside of the classroom. The second approach, systematic instruction, involves teacher/student interaction. The major purpose of systematic instruction is to develop a skill or concept and design materials and activities that alter students to achieve the selected objectives. Curriculum development in most school districts is concerned with developing academics in order to outfit pupils to master the complex tasks presented by our society. This approach is valid for most pupils.However, imputable to poor social and interpersonal skills development of many minority and puppylike African-American students, social skill development may be necessary before a cademic skills can be know. It is commandly agreed by most professionals in the field of education that schools should be involved in principle social and interpersonal skills. For example, social skills education and interpersonal skills development are ideal ways to teach responsibility for self and others and for exploring the meaning of human interaction and relationships.A social skills curriculum can also help students understand (1) how to develop self-esteem along with their emotions and how their emotions affects others (2) how to develop cocksure social relationships (3) respect for others (4) respect for rules and regulations (5) ways to develop moral and character (6) ways to examine ones values (7) ways to make responsible choices (8) their potential and worth as human beings (9) How to develop a sense of responsibility toward others and ways of behaving suspendly in public places (10) the component and duty of responsible citizens and (11) how to develop effectiv e communication skills.Curriculum strategies outlined in this text are designed to address the social skills and others as they doctor specifically to African American students. Experimental, direct, and systematic curriculum methodologies were employed. The phenomenon of educating African-American students has been studied and investigated extensively, resulting in numerous educators advocating that these special students demonstrate inappropriate social skills/ behaviors inside as well as outside the classroom.Developing the appropriate social skills for successful interaction with peers and meaning(a) adults (teachers, parents) can be considered one of the most important accomplishments of childhood and early adolescence should be addressed as soon as possible. This is particularly true in the area of establishing and maintaining relations with peers and authority figures. Not only can social skills deficits have a negative impact on future interpersonal functioning, it may al so affect current functioning, reducing the quality and quantity of the learning experiences to which students are exposed in their educational settings.Social skills have been defined as goal-oriented, rule-governed, situation-specific learned behaviors that vary according to social context. Social skills involving both observable and nonobservable cognitive and affective elements that help elicit positive or neutral responses and avoid negative responses from others. As such, social behavior constitutes an intricate interfactional process. As a result, the behavior of school-age children influences and is influenced by that of their partners (e. g. , teachers, mentors, tutors, and peers) within the interaction. parliamentary procedure expects that when children reach various developmental stages, they will demonstrate greater foresight and more controlled behaviors. baseball club also expects that children will be capable, not only of meeting change magnitude demands within lea rning tasks, but also more complex, subtle social situations. Failure to meet these expectations may increase their sense of social alienation and helplessness. The curriculum presented here is designed to enable African American students to become socially contributing members of society by meeting expected standards.Strategies have been developed to assist educators in providing these students appropriate social skills training to enable them to operate successfully in the schools and society. Intervention techniques have been selected based upon explore techniques to assist young opaque students in controlling aggression, assuming responsibility, and becoming productive members of the group. The author highly endorses that proactive approach be employed when teaching social skills to African-American students.Since proactive instruction provides children with social intercession before negative behaviors occur, this approach is preferable to reactive teaching. Whereas proactiv e instruction teaches social skills before social rejection is experienced, reactive instruction waits for the individual to fail and then applies intervention strategies. Many African-American students have problems developing appropriate social skills due to the problems outlined throughout the text.Proactive instruction will prevent many of the negative consequences of inappropriate social skills, as well as improve the self-image of young African-American males. Recommended strategies for proactive instruction may assist the boys in 1. dealing positively with accusations 2. accepting the feelings of others in a nonthreatening manner 3. respecting the feelings of others 4. avoiding fights and conflicts 5. dealing effectively with teasing 6. giving praise or compliments to others 7. accepting compliments from others 8. apologizing for inappropriate behavior9. expressing anger in a positive way 10. showing affection and appreciation toward others 11. practicing possession These in structional activities may be expanded or modified as needed. As indicated, African-American students must be taught appropriate social skills if they are going to be contributing members of society. The social skills outlined here should be infused throughout the curriculum and integrated as needed by the teacher. These strategies are seen as immediate, useful sources for teaching pro-social skills to African-American students.Additionally, the curriculum is based upon in-depth research and years of teaching and observing the social skills development of African-American students. Results The sign blackguard in developing a social skills curriculum is to identify those general social behaviors that are critical to successful social functioning. These general social behaviors are then rewritten as general objectives, which provide the fabric for constructing other components of the curriculum. The second stage is to sequence specific objectives as they relate to the general objec tives. any specific objectives are designed to achieve the general objectives. Specific objectives are stated in behavioral and measurable terms. The third step is to identify activities and resources that can achieve the stated objectives. Activities should be useful and reflect real life experiences that African-American students are exposed to. As much as possible, parents should be involved in reinforcing the social skills taught. Parents may be used as resource individuals and may offer suggestions sexual intercourse to material and activities.The fourth step is to include cultural, ethnic, and racial diversity into the curriculum. This approach affords young African-American males the opportunity to appreciate and understand their own self-worth and sense of importance and belonging as well as identify Blacks and other minorities who have made significant contributions in several fields. An additional return is that the young Black males can identify and associate with appr opriate component part models. A curriculum that does not highlight the contributions of Blacks and minorities gives an inaccurate and distorted view of the many significant contributions made by them.Multicultural activities and strategies enrich the curriculum by showing differences in cultural styles, patterns, and interests of diverse groups. Conclusions and Recommendations A social skills curriculum should be based upon those social skills needed to function successfully in ones society. Much of the research reviewed indicates that a significant number of y African American students have not mastered the social skills needed to function successfully in our society.A functional approach involves exposing the learner to real-life situations, concepts, and activities such as self-identity, acquiring self-concept, achieving socially unimpeachable behavior, bonding, respecting the rights of others, maintaining good interpersonal skills, achieving independence, employing problem-so lving skills, taking turns, and communicating appropriately with others. It is language the discriminating use of symbols that makes us truly human, and I would like to see a mall curriculum in which students study the origins of language not bonny parts of speech (Frisby 1993).I would also like to see students consider how symbol systems vary from one culture to another, how language can be shared, and perhaps all students should become familiar with a language other than their own, so they can step outside their own language skin to understand better the nature of communication. And surely a course of study on the centrality of language would include mathematics, which is a universal symbol system. All human beings respond to the aesthetic. This condition is found in all cultures on the planet, and students, in the new core curriculum, should study the universal language we call art.When Picasso confronts the unspeakable agonies of war, the dismembered child, the scream of a bereft mother, the shattered home, and puts them on a huge canvas called Guernica, he makes a universal statement about destruction that can be felt in the heart of every human being (Spears-Bunton 1990). I am suggesting that for the most intimate, most profound, most moving experiences, we need subtle symbols, and students should learn how different cultures express themselves through the universal language of the arts. Bibliography Bankee N. C.& Obiakor F. E. (1992). Educating the Black male Renewed imperatives for Black and white communities. Scholar and Educator The Journal of the Society of Educators and Scholars, 15, 216-31. Bernstein, B. (1971). On the sorting and Framing of cultureal Knowledge, in Young, M. F. D. (ed. ) Knowledge and Control wise Directions for the Sociology of Education, London Collier-Macmillan. Bok, Derek. Higher acquire. Cambridge, Mass. Harvard University Press, 1986. Branch C. (1993). Ethnic identity as a variable in the learning equation. In E. Hollins, J. King, & W. Hayman (Eds. ), Teaching diverse populations. capital of New York State University of New York Press. Combleth, Catherine. (1988). Curriculum In and Out of Context, Journal of Curriculum and Supervision, 32, pp. 85-96. Council for Exceptional Children (CEC). (2002). Addressing over representation of African American students in special education The prereferral intervention process An administrators guide. Washington, DC National Alliance of Black Schools Educators. Davis, Allen J. (1988).Education for Citizenship The Role of Progressive Education and Interdisciplinary Studies, Innovative Education 13, 1. Duckworth E. (1996). The having of wonderful ideas and other essays on teaching and learning. New York Teachers College Press. Falvey, M. A. (Ed. ). (1995). Inclusive and heterogeneous schooling judging, curriculum, and instruction. Baltimore Brookes. Frisby C. (1993). One giant step backward Myths of Black cultural learning styles. School Psychology Revi ew, 22(3), 535-557. Fu Charles Wei-hsun. (1988).On the Task of Constructive Modernization of Confucian Ethics and Morality, Taipei Universitas (Philosophy and Culture) Monthly. Fordham S. & Ogbu J. U. (1986). Black students school success Coping with the burden of acting white. The urban Review, 18(3), 176-205. Grossman, H. (1998). Ending discrimination in special education. Springfield, IL Charles C. Thomas. Hirsch E. D. , Jr. , (1993). The core knowledge curriculum Whats behind its success? Educational Leadership, 50, 23-30. Macdonald, James B. (1971). Curriculum Development in Relation to Social and Intellectual Systems.In The curriculum Retrospect and Prospect, part I, pp. 97-112. Seventeenth Yearbook of the National Society for the Study of Education. Chicago University of Chicago press, 1971. Michaels S. (1981). Sharing time Childrens narrative styles and differential access to literacy. Language in Society, 10, 423-442. Obiakor, F. E. (1994). The eight-step multicultural approach Learning and teaching with a smile. Dubuque, IA Kendall/Hunt. Obiakor, F. E. (1999). Beyond the steps Multicultural study guide. Dubuque, IA Kendall/Hunt. Obiakor, F. E. , & Schwenn, J. O.(1996). Assessment of culturally diverse students with behavior disorders. In A. F. Rotatori, J. O. Schwenn, & S. Burkhardt (Eds. ), Advances in Special Education Assessment and Psychopathology Issues in Special Education (Vol. 10, pp. 37-57). Greenwich, CT JAI Press. Spears-Bunton, Linda A. (1990). find to My star sign African American and European American Students Responses to Virginia Hamiltons House of Dies Drear, The Journal of Negro Education, 594, pp. 566-576. Wald, J. L. (1996). Diversity in the special education training force. NCPSE News, 1, l&6.

Minimum Wage Essay

American histrions exit have a 1.75$ augment in their periodic lock by the end of 2015, as President Barack Obama late called to raise the federal minimal wage from $7.25 an hour $9.00 an hour. This increase in the negligible wage of American citizen aims to help people with a scummy annual wage cooks, employees of the janitorial industry and many a(prenominal) others working these necessary subaltern occupations argon set to benefit. The white house estimates that this measure ordain salary increase the wage of approximately 15 millions low-income players.Raising the stripped-down wage, according to the gabardine House press, will have some positive effect for low-income families however, many companies are opposed to raising the minimum wage. A high wage will have a direct impact on the live of business. Some economists argue that higher minimum wage will upshot in an increased unemployment percentage.Although minimum wage laws can fix hourly pay, they cannot gua rantee jobs. Employers are not willing to pay a worker more than the value of the additional product that he produces. For example, if a worker produces 4$ worth of goods per hour and because of the minimum wage he has to be paid 5.15$. Since he cost more than what he produces it makes it hard for him to reclaim a job.At one point in the article, the President utter that one of the best ways to get the economy going once again is to put money in the pockets of people who work. (Lowrey)It is true that families with low income will earn more money it is projected that a family that is earning $20,000 to $30,000 a course of study will see an additional $3,500 in their income. (Lowrey) This general positive number of increasing the minimum wage has led many law makers to wrongly assume that increasing the minimum wage is an effective way to fight backpoverty.From the point of view of an economist, raising the minimum wage may increases the prospect that a poor family will es cape poverty through higher wages, simply it does increase the probability of another family with average income will give way poor as a result of minimum wage broad rise to inflation. It also decreases the proportion of families with income near the poverty line, suggesting that it more will be more difficult to escape poverty. We all know that if the minimum wage increases then the cost of living will inevitably increase as well as a result of inflation.Economists are against minimum wage laws because they create a damage floor. In this mooring, a price floor is not the price that products can be sold for, but what price employers can spend on their employees. For non-economists, legislating a minimum wage is commonly seen as an effective way of giving raises to low-wage workers. unluckily it, like any other price floor, creates a free. In this case, the surplus is a larger than expected number of workers more of are willing to work in minimum-wage jobs than there are emplo yers willing to hire at that wage.Economists think that there should not be any policies concerning wages an employee should be paid what the employer thinks he/she deserves. nominal wage increases make unskilful workers more expensive and therefore undesirable relative to all other factors of production. (Mankiw) For example, if expert workers make 15$/hour and unskilled workers make three dollars an hour, skilled workers are five time as expensive as the unskilled. idealistic a minimum wage of five dollars an hour makes skilled workers relatively more attractive by making them only three times as expensive as unskilled workers.Another important diagnostic of the policy to increase minimum wage that was not discussing in the article is that it may also negatively impact workers by changing how they are compensated. Benefits such as paid vacation, free room and board flashy insurance and subsidized childcare are an important part of the integral compensation for many low wage workers. (Mankiw) When minimum wages rise, employers can adjudge total compensation costs by cutting benefits such is the case for the United States today.The employer always had to follow the minimum wage in tell apart to pay their employee. The minimum wage should not be existent present tense the employer should have the choice to pay their employee based on their knowledge. An employee that knows more and produces more should have an higher hourly range.SourcesTextbookMankiw, N. Gregory. Principles of Economics. 6th. Mason, OH, USA 2012. Print.WebsiteLowrey, Annie. Raising Minimum Wage Would Ease Income Gap but Carries Political Risks. New York Times. N.p., 13-02-2013. Web. 5 Oct 2013. .

The Beauty of the Fictional World in Nabokov’s Bend Sinister

Since the writer himself claims that debar blue is neither serious fiction nor literature of social gloss, I give refrain from ma great power something bring out of nonhing (for, though Nabokov does this through his fiction, I would not wish to offend him, even if he dissolvenot socially comment on my offense, just as Karl Marx perhaps disliked the ruin of his avow put). Rather, I shall fuddle the end that literature to Nabokov is like beauty to life. It is not the boloney that matters, only instead it is for the involvement of the pageboys about David and his father that the maintain was create verbally and should be read (xiv).Hence, let us examine what makes Nabokovs novel so beautiful What begins as An oblong puddle inclose in the coarse asphalt transforms into Padukgrad, a false and totalitarian nominate somewhere in Europe that hosts two men of differing philosophies yet similar power (1). Krug, the protagonist, immediately surfaces as a danger to the Ekwil ist society, which Paduk rules as dictator. Although there is a tendency to classify Padukgrad as a dystopia, one mustiness note that Nabokov was highly critical of Orwells cliches, employment him a sightly English writer (2).Nabokov argues that he is neither a didacticist nor an allegorizer, both of which could describe Orwells anti-totalitarian voice in 1984 (2). Rather, Vladamir Nabokovs source American novel, Bend disgraceful, demonstrates his fictional dictatorship not as an entity on a path to Armageddon, but as a metaphorical chess game, wherein the main character can be interpreted as the sporty major power and the antagonist as the Black King. Eventually, Krug learns that he is in fact playing a stretch out game of chess, and thatironicallyhe is the White King in an Armageddon- behavior chess match for his life. For Krug, a philosopher and professor, there is no draw.Nabokov conscientiously places Krug in Padukgrad, for it is with clearcutness that chess players both set and move their pieces. Whereas a king piece is safest in its initial location, be spot the queen and behind a row of pawns, Bend lowering begins with Krugs observing a fancy footprint change to the brim with quicksilver . . . from a hospital window (1-2). Nabokov details a rather wonderful scene of a puddle in November. Beauty, I argue, and the hospital ar places of sanctuary, a place where one can resile on the beating of his loving heart (xiv). The beauty ends, however.It becomes known that the exertion has not been successful and Krugs wife will die (2). In the number one chapter, to alight on the metaphor of chess, Krug essentially loses his queen and is subsequently oblige to play the rest of the game without what is generally the most powerful piece. Also, it is fire that he loses his queen in the first item-by-item. Throughout most of the novel, Krug is written in the third- soulfulness-omniscient voice, and only when the writer intends to remind the read er that Bend Sinister is not a contemporary novel, that it is truly an apocryphal work meant for beauty, does he switch his point of view.Perhaps, Nabokov is presenting the dramatic moment (of the chess game) through Krugs (the kings) eyes to convey the moves gravity. However, Nabokov again shifts to the first person perspective on the second to last page, just afterwards an other and better bullet hit Krug (240). In this sense, Nabokov utilizes the third person to communicate his story and the first person to denote the loss of Whites two most important piecesthe King and queen, respectively. It is also this style that categorizes Bend Sinister as post-post-modernism literature, for Nabokov clarifies that, among the chaos of written and rewritten pages . . a life-sized moth was clinging with furry feet to his the metafictional writers window (240). Moreover, I shall use this style to make my own points Orwells dystopic human being is make realNabokovs initiation is made fiction ally.This is the greatest distinction between the two books. Bend Sinister remains very much a board of pieces that move check to the novelist. And his characters, in turn, are absurd images and illusions both to himself and to Krug (xiv). In essence, the writer is calling the shotsthe balls and strikes, and they aint zipper till he calls them. By this, Nabokov creates Padukgrad, and in it, Krug and Paduk. Interestingly, Padukgrads Ekwilist philosophical system of the everyman wishes to create a homogenous, clone-like society wherein each individual is equal and outliers are either integrated or removed. This society, like some totalitarian states, seeks unity through similarity. Thus, Nabokov presents Krug as the counterpart to PadukWhite King versus Black King, good versus evil. For example, Adam Krug is depicted as a philosopher . . . ith untidy, dusty, or faintly grizzled locks . . . suggestive of the uncouth chess master or of the morose composer, but more intelligent and P aduk as someone who never got over superficial neatness (46, 80). This is important not only because of Nabokovs explicit metaphor, but also because the Ekwilist philosophy preaches a remoulding of human individuals in conformity with a well-balanced pattern, the opposite philosophy of Krug and Nabokov. The duality is so created by Nabokov through philosophyanother ironic attribute.One pleasure of the book, as the writer would agree, is the humor. For instance, Paduk institutes the Party of the Average Man as based on Skotomas book, which argues that a certain computable amount of human thought is distributed end-to-end the population of the world and that the proudest intellect and the humblest stupidity depended entirely upon the class of world consciousness (75-76). In this, I find that philosophy kills philosophy, king kills king, and the entire purpose of this book arises.That is, if the sake of the pages are for David and his father (Krug), hence the genesis of the Ekwili st philosophy and of Padukgrad are highly significant. David is, after all, killed by both. Nabokov includes in Bend Sinister, after describing the origins of Ekwilism, that Skotoma omitted to define both the practical method to be pursued and the kind of person or persons responsible for planning and directive the process (76). I find this quite humorous for several reasons other than those listed afore. First, Paduk breaks Nabokovs first rule.Paduk not only throngs Skotomas book to be serious literature, but then he also misinterprets it. To note, this is why I refrain in my introductory paragraph from making something out of vigor and why I mention Marx, whose philosophy like Skotomas is essentially ruined by a lesser, more common man. It is also a reason perhaps for Nabokovs distaste of George Orwell. Second, it is ironic that the kind of person who instills this philosophy in Paduk is actually Krug, for Krug drives Paduk in their youth to this uniform extreme.On page 36, for example, Nabokov reveals that Paduk, the Ruler, colloquially known as the toad, had been a schoolmate of Krugs. Then later, on page 50, Krug reveals to his scholarly peers at the University that he was something of a bully and apply to trip Paduk up and sit upon his face . . . every blessed daylight for about five school years. This treatment of Paduk eventually leads him to favor the Ekwilist philosophy and form a totalitarian state. It also leads the reader to understand Krugs and Paduks duality, their chess match, and the way in which the White King is losing.Moreover, on the topic of irony and humor (which is beautiful), Bend Sinister is a rebuke of Nabokov. One might draw comparison to heraldry whereby the novel derives its name. A colored is in fact a colored band running from the speeding right side of a vindication to the lower left side its opposite is the felon bleak, which runs from left top to right bottom. In the novel, Paduk represents the bend sinister of th e shield and Krug represents the sinister, in that the Ekwilist philosophy (the extreme of socialism if you will) is a sinister (evil) bend to the left.Also worthwhile to point out is the name of the shields surfacethe field. A chess match is a contest of kings and pawns on a battlefield. I make my final and daring argument here, as I still wish not to make something out of nothing, but I wish more to make something rather than nothing Adam Krug is the metaphorical bend sinister to Nabokov. For instance, Adam Krug is a non-smoker, whereas Nabokov admits that his periodical consumption of cigarettes had reached the four-package mark (36, xi). Also, the voice of the novel switches between the writers conscious thoughts and Krugs story.In this way, Krug is Nabokov and Nabokov is Krug, but they are not entirely the same. They are the duality of the writer. Just as the protagonist is the king of the book, so besides is the novelist. But because Krug is the non-conscientious half, at l east in reality, he is the bend sinister of what is good. Literature is often taken out of context or made to be something out of nothing, and Nabokov hated this fact. I have drawn references to Orwell throughout because he, to the abhorrence of Nabokov, wrote in protest to leftist totalitarian states.By doing this, Orwell is upholding the greatest drop away of making something out of nothing because all totalitarian states, like Padukgrad with Ekwilism, take literature or philosophy out of context, and thus, to make a story from nothing results in nothing. Nabokov, a man of true genius, does not present Krug as one. For, although Krug is the greatest thinker in his own world, the fictional world is not real. The fictional world is merely aesthetics for the real world. And the sake of his presentation is merely for David and his father, Nabokovs beautiful creations.

Priestley’s Paradox

It is assumed that technology has aided the incr calm down in interpersonal confabulation how ever it important to discuss the effects of technology on advanced(a) talk. This essay briefly provides a critical opinion on modern conference and provides examples of some interpersonal communication that rely on new technology, its potential advantage and possible dilemma with the use of modern technology in interpersonal communication.The dry land today is a planetary world we live in a global village and the world as we know it keeps decreasing due to the rapid growth of technology. The ever increasing speed at the development of new technology creates in advance(p) expressions of communicating and in more shipway than one has changed the way tribe communicate. Although modern communication has some advantages, which include convenience, speed, dissemination, and these advantages can be overpowered by disadvantages such as lack of content, language confusion.It will be argue d here that the role of modern technology provides methods that hinder interpersonal communication, wherefore dapple there are certain advantages associated with the increase of communication theory technology these are evidently outweighed by the disadvantages. Communication is important to humans and a vital part of our world man is a social living organism and therefore requires communication as an es directial tool for socializing. Focusing on interpersonal communication skills, Eunson (2008, p. 86) defines this as the processes that help, distort or block communication of messages between individuals but communicating effectively requires some basic skills such as active listening, usage and interpretation of body language and facial expressions. Technology however has created opposite channels to enhance interpersonal communication, trick such as mobile phones, emails, social networks, has made for easier, faster and smarter ways of communicating.This has led to the net profit becoming an essential instrument in the media and communication strategies of civil society (Bailey, Cammaers, Carpentier 2008, p. 98). However with such availability, communication barriers are constantly increasing, with language confusion and a vast vocabulary of ever growing internet slang. Priestleys paradox suggests that the rapid increase in communications technology has increased the quantity but decreased the quality of modern communication (Eunson 2008, p. 4-5).Whether or not this statement is entirely true, it is undeniable that it is really representative of the degree to which communication has deteriorated due to the constant increase of different technologically enhanced means of communication. Communication between individuals includes both vocal and non-verbal that can be easily misunderstood depending on the medium of communication. The particular of misunderstanding between individuals is heightened because of the lack of personal connection and conte xt.Emails are chiefly informal, unstructured with the use of colloquialisms and jargons, email has rendered irrelevant more direct and oft more effective forms of communication such as using telephone, locomote down the corridor and talking, or attending meetings (Eunson 2008, p. 208-215). In addition to that, some sight take advantage of the accessibility of sending an email and say things they wouldnt feel comfortable saying in baptismal font to position conversations and messages sent can be misinterpreted or misunderstood by receiver however reducing the quality of communication.Things such as body language and warmheartedness get together is non-existent when it comes to sending emails, these are very essential part of perfunctory conversations and some people use it as an excuse to avoid face to face conversation. Many may argue that in the past some years the world has undergone radical changes with the amount of available modern communication mediums, and these ap pears to have caused an increase in the number of social networks.Online communications mediums, weblogs in part, are sites of author audience interaction that differ from face to face performance and traditional reader relationship (Buckingham 2000, p. 207). Most young people spend countless hours on social networking sites such as Facebook, twitter and Yahoo creating friendships and relationships with people they meet in cyberspace. The strangeway in which so galore(postnominal) of these interactants see the internet as both an intimate area for exchange, as well as a place for public display, challenges our perceptions of these boundaries (Buckingham & Willet 2006, p. 19). The ease at which many disclose personal information on the internet via social networking sites is alarming as they generally are exposed to risks of contact with paedophiles (e. g. via grooming in chat rooms) and often exposure to violent or racist / hate material (Buckingham & Willet 2006, p. 94). Another advantage of communicating via social network sites is that people can share ideas and values while maintaining anonymity. Concerns about modern communication is the

Laertes and Polonius Essay

When Ophelia tells her father of critical points holy vows from heaven, his harsh rebuke springes to becharm woodcocks likens her to a game bird considered to be foolish. He later speaks of her as if she were nothing more than an animal Ill loose my daughter to him (II. ii. 160) which over again indicates his lack of respect for his daughter. He and Claudius were concerned only with Hamlet and so she becomes lost in a sea of troubles. Ophelia sidle ups key themes in the tactical manoeuvre, verbalism on the ideas of deception, rot and patriarchy that run through it.Two cardinal themes of the play be deception and the problem of making a mark between appearance and existence. Few things in the play are what they count to be Rosencrantz and Guildenstern are apparently Hamlets friends, just now are in fact spies commissioned by Claudius. There is a play within Hamlet itself. Spying or eavesdropping occurs and smiling villains referred to. The military actions of Ophelia in any case highlight this idea in a variety of ways. Ophelia is also used to demo the theme by the use of imagery.Polonius instructs her to read on this book, / that show of such(prenominal) an exercise may colour / your loneliness. We are oft to blame in this, / tis too much proved, that with devotions visage / and pious action we do sugar oer /the d nuisance himself (III. i. 44-49). This shows how a holy face can be put on something to cover evil deeds. The expressions of love may appear truthful to Ophelia, who speaks of Hamlets softheartedness for her, but (if Polonius and Laertes are to be believed) in reality they may be false, concealing less honourable intentions.Polonius swears that the tenders of (Hamlets) affections for her are mere brokers, not of that colour which their investments show / But mere implorators of unholy suits. They may be traps, springes to widget woodcocks. Ophelia also elbow greases to deceive Hamlet when she partakes in her fathers attempt to discover the cause of Hamlets unusual behaviour. She appears to be altogether and lies that her father is at home when in reality he is eavesdropping on their conversation.As previously discussed, Ophelia may only appear to be a naive, innocent maid and be, in reality, the very opposite. In addition, her true tomfoolery contrasts with and therefore highlights the false nature of Hamlets. Hamlet comments upon how God hath wedded you /one face, and you make yourselves an other(a) and Ophelia does present various faces to different characters, accord to her relationship to them- acting innocent with her father, yet far less so in dealings with Hamlet. Hamlet also refers to the masking of reality by Ophelia when he avows I have heard of your paintings- Hamlet believes that Ophelia may be deceiving him.If the interpretation that she commits suicide is correct, then the innocent imagery is another expression of the theme of likeness her death appears to be an accident, but in reali ty is not. Through the play runs the idea of necessity of revenge for the cleansing of social corruption. This corruption is portrayed in Ophelias death, which also hints at the nightfall of Elsinore. Imagery Hamlet adopts in his first soliloquy implies general corruption of the population and he states that things rank and gross in nature / be in possession of it (I.ii. 136-137).He therefore aims to cleanse what is rotten in Denmark, but his mischance to do so allows the triumph of disease and decay. Laertes warns Ophelia that virtue itself scapes not calumniatory strokes,/ the canker galls the infants of the spring. In addition to Shakespeare employing many images of disease and decay, he also includes several expressions relating to physical deterioration such as the fatness of these dyspnoeic times (III. iv. 154) and the drossy age (V. ii. 181).Ophelias own deterioration accentuates the theme but while all others perish due to their weaknesses, her demise is brought ac tive by her virtues. Ophelia dies from loving too much and for being too pure. The potential of a stronger, wiser side to her character (hinted at by her comebacks at Laertes) is never realised. The granulated nature of the songs she sings in her madness shows that the corrupt world has taken its chime on the pure Ophelia. As discussed, throughout the play she represents innocence, emphasised by imagery and language.Her drowning depicts the death of innocence itself, thus indicates Hamlets trouble and impending disaster for the court. It has been suggested that Shakespeares plays reflect and voice a virile anxiety about the uses of patriarchal power over women, specifically about mans control over womans sexuality. i (i Coppelia Kahn 1981 Mans Estate Masculine Identity in Shakespeare). This could then be true of Hamlet, where the political world of Elsinore is shown not to be a place where women matter much, and this leads to their destruction.They do not have a say in anythin g the world is presented as one where men are controlling and, if necessary, prepared to use women (even their own family) to benefit them in terms of power. Ophelia exemplifies this, mingled by what is happening around her as she strives to do what Polonius, Laertes and Hamlet call for her to. Polonius does not advise Ophelia to be true to herself as he advises Laertes, but points out that Hamlet has the license to do as he wishes whereas she does not. She is airfield to the double standard of the difference between male and female freedom of choice and action.Laertes is treated very differently by his father in comparison to the lack of regard he shows Ophelia. Ophelias wishes are never considered- women had picayune status. Gertrude, too, has limited influence. Claudius and Polonius wield the power. Both women die but Ophelias end bears particular significance because she is driven to it by events she cannot control. Her death indicates the corrupting effects of the male-d ominated political realm of Elsinore, in which, as Polonius shows, there is little room for the consideration of love.All of the characters fail in the sinful world of Elsinore, where there is no possibility for a fulfilled life. Ophelias demise adds to Shakespeares bleak message that evil can triumph. Defeat seems inevitable, whether they sustain the conditions of Elsinore and live with the deceitful principles of the political world as Polonius does, or try out love, as Ophelia does, or attempt to find sense in things, like Hamlet. In conclusion, through Ophelia a greater appreciation of other characters is achievable.She illuminates aspects of Hamlet- his suspicion of women and indecisiveness and, by comparison and contrast with her, also his strength, noblesse and sanity. She gives insight into his nature both prior to and following his fathers death, therefore allowing the audience a better understanding of (and more philanthropy for) him.Also revealed are aspects of Laertes and Polonius characters. Shakespeare uses Ophelia to add more depth to the themes of the play, namely the dangers of patriarchy, illusion and corruption. It is through Ophelia that Shakespeare achieves a genuinely tragic response to the play Hamlet.

Civilization and Complex Institutions

Sydra Gianassi Period 5 9/12/12 finish informative Essay finish is the limitless multiplication of unnecessary necessities. Mark Twain. Civilization is the most highly developed phase of human social phylogeny and organization. Over thousands of years historians yield come to the conclusion of minimums of being a nicety instead of only being a society. The five dollar bill criteria of a subtlety be come through(a) cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, insert keeping, and in advance(p) technology.The timeworn high-school criteria be utilise for analyzing every society to conclude if it is a politeness or not. There is controversy whether connection to a cosmos form should be an addition to the criteria or whether civilization is even a valid concept. The perception of civilization has dated back thousands of years lowest that civilization is a valid concept because it helps categorize alike nations. The high-school criteria are suitable commandmen ts of civilization and should not be changed.Connection to a gentlemans gentlemanly concern system shouldnt be added to the criteria because of the redundant contribution to society. The five standards a civilization needs to endure are advanced cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, personality keeping, and advanced technology. These 5 criteria are the exact definition of civilization, each principle balances the other. Without these 5 things a civilization would crumble immediately. Cities are the birthplaces or the ascent of the first civilizations.A city is a large group of contrary citizenry with different cultures. Cities are a center for lot, allowing the city to grow and advance in a structured location. Another standard of civilization are specialized workers. Specialized labor came from the Agricultural revolution, when humans settled in one place and grew their own food. This caused a surplus of food allowing others to do other jobs which cultivated the ir culture and society. Without specialized workers societies would survive by catch and gathering.Complex institutions were started in ancient Egypt. Examples of complex institutions are government, economy, tax systems and law. These types of institutions are used to stabilize the civilization so it wont fall. Another standard is record keeping. As civilizations became intricate they call for to keep track of everything. Without record keeping we wouldnt know anything about our past and would make the kindred faults as our ancestors. Finally the last criteria are advanced technology. Advanced technologies are tools to help improve the civilization.Without tools our ancestors wouldnt be able to create the transparent tools of survival ending humanity all together. With these 5 criteria of being civilization humanity has been able to develop to the different cultures there are today. Civilization is a compelling perception although it has many definitions. Submitting to human so ciety in its entirety is a civilization. The Greek Empire separated them from anyone else who dont speak Greek. They called the outsiders barbarians or the uncivilized. Another empire that labeled other communities was the papistical Empire.They labeled themselves as a society with its own set of typical qualities from other civilizations. The word civilization is an expression utilized to portray societies that have advanced farther than other communities such as Paleolithic deportment of hunting and gathering. Connection to a world system is not needed to make a successful civilization. Connecting with the outside world doesnt make up the civilization it only shapes the society within. It merely advances the civilization further to a in advance(p) age such as trade and religion.Trade improves advanced technology and culture. For example the Silk Road was a major trade route. The religious and fastidious changes our culture has accustomed today came from the Silk Road. It als o changed social acceptance and amplifies social interaction with other cultures. These different cultures whose beliefs and cultures help open new and different cultures from ones own culture, and unlocked wealth and opportunities. The Silk Road was essential to day by day life in route-side settlements. Trade is a key erupt of civilization but is not needed to survive.An example of a civilization that lived without connection to a world system was Feudal lacquer. Feudal Japan was a very private civilization with very little trade decreasing the advancement in technology and weapons. But even without the modern technology from the outside world, Feudal Japan was a successful civilization. So a civilization does not require connection to a world system to survive. In conclusion, civilization is a valid concept because it helps manoeuver areas based on similar culture and technology in an area.Since the five criteria are suitable principles it should not be changed or added to. Co nnection to the world system should not be a supplementary standard of the criteria of a civilization because of its less important contribution to society. Civilization is the state of advanced culture including advanced cities, specialized workers, complex institutions, record keeping, and advanced technology. someone commitment to a group effort that is what makes a team work, a company work, a society work, a civilization work. Vince Lombardi

Geez Luis the Making Essay

It is slick to embrace historical globalisation with fall out re-inflicting devastation so the .com/ rises/To-What- uttermost-Should-Contemporary-Soiety-1015970. html To What Extent Should Contemporary Society Respond To The Legacies Of historic To what extent should contemporaneous parliamentary law act to the legacies answers. yahoo. com All Categories Social Science Economics? Apr 21, 2009 To what extent should contemporary association respond to the legacies of So I have to do this essay for my grade 10-1 social class and well I To what extent does society respond to the legacies of historical wiki. answers. com write up, Politics & Society History Ancient History? Relevant answers How should contemporary society respond to that legacy of historical globalization? We need to learn from thes actions of globalization and How should we respond to Legacies of Historical Globalization? For www. enotes. com/ /how-should-we-respond-legacies-historical-393995?Apr 27, 2010 What perpetually remnants of these historical legacies are present in the world today, should be routed out by sincere and concerted efforts. Also we PDF Chapter 8 Living with the Legacies of Historical Globalization Home fc. gsacrd. ab. ca/ /Exploring%20Globalization,%20Chapter%208. pdf? To what extent should contemporary society respond to the legacies of historical globalization? MHR. 188. Figure 8-2 One legacy of historical globalization in PDF Impacts of Historical Globalization.

Chapter1 Inventory System of G-Erb Construction Supply

Chapter 1 1. Introduction In just half a century mans way of life has drastically changed f read-only storage stern and white to vivid colors, for simplicity to complexity, and from laborious tasks to an easy click of the mo part. tho these were brought more or less by the advent of modern technology, specifically with the invention and progress of computers. High technology such as computers and other mediums is now in demand. Man is concerned on how to consume time wisely. They l hited to look and discover something new and tried to solve questions that pump up in their mind.Most of the establishments and institutions are apply computer programs for business transactions. It helps employees to work expeditiously in more than than comfortable way. New occupation is being substantial to solve societys problem. In this connection, computerized scroll is needed for G-ERB aspect Supply. Manual operation of inventory would cost a lot of childbed and time however, through a computerized inventory constitution everything would be interrupt. This search is trying to establish a computerized inventory arranging. 1. Background of the bringCompanies use culture as a weapon in the battle to amplification productivity, delivery quality products and services, maintain client loyalty, and make sound decisions. In a global economy with intense competition, information technology put up mean the difference between success and failure. Information technology has revolutionized the build of business around the world. It helped business in advertising and in customer services. Accessibility of files also has become an easy task with series of cry keys and shared folders. Cash transactions are asily made. Many companies are using inventory systems for their success and growth. Inventory systems have a variety of functions purposes in business such as promoting the sales functions of inventory. Promoting the sale function deals with approachability of suffi cient products for the customer whereas shrinkage control function deals with observeing the feature of damage less or theft, etc of the products. The G-ERB bend Supply was established by Engineer Gregorio Valdez and managed by his wife Michelle O. Valdez.His main weapon system is located at Cuartero Highway, Jaro Iloilo City. The business started in December 2000 with 10 employees at main branch and 15 at the other branch making his business more successful. As we all know, technology is obviously of help by conservation money, time and effort. The purpose of this learn is to create a computerized inventory system for G-ERB Construction Supply. The research will incur a software application which could be able to meet the needs of the company when it comes to their inventory management. 2. logical argument of the Problem . 2. 1 General Problem After thorough fabrication of info through investigation, the group was able to determine the inventory system for G-ERB Construct ion Supply which needs to developed a better inventory management and eliminate or reduce risks of errors and fraud. This study will examine to answer what intensifyment and design the construction hand over stomach develop for a more effective and efficient inventory system. 1. 2. 2 limited Problem According to the information gathered, it has obviously identified the specific problems a. wrong inventory pass overThis affects the stock control and recording and the reliability of records and sum management system. Also, error in recording and computation was en numberingered by the manager. b. unbarred stocks information Manual inventory slip has and often been lost because it was precisely written in a piece of paper. It might be an unauthorised person can intrude and freely changed any possible information anytime they want. c. Unorganized stocks information Due to unorganized stocks information, the manager cannot keep up to date records of the stocks that may lead to over buying of unneeded stocks. . Objectives of the work The study aims to give a solution to the existing problem in the present-day(prenominal) inventory system of G-ERB Construction Supply. 1. 3. 1 General Objectives of the Study After identifying the problems of G-ERB Construction Supply, our group was able to establish the objectives. The main purpose of the study is to evaluate the current manual inventory system of G-ERB Construction Supply and come up with computerized inventory system for a better inventory management. 1. 3. 2 Specific Objectives of the Study a. Accurate inventory physical compositionSpecifically, the aim of the study is to acquire a systematic pay heed of concomitant inventory that will lead to hi-fi recording and reliability of records and supply management. It also aims to provide an easy and reliable access and storage of data for the present and future purposes. b. Secured stock information To create and implement a program that could store and manage a wide variety and cadence of products that can be easily retrieved. To provide better security for the records that only authorized personnel could have access to it by creating a secured watchword and also to eliminate data redundancy. . Organized stock information To develop a monitoring inventory which could process inventory items that are not time consuming, in order for the owner to retrieve data more efficiently compared to their manual inventory. 4. Significance of the Study The main focus of the study is to create system software that will develop, enhance and improve the current inventory system of G-ERB Construction Supply. Give an organized and systematic flow in order to lessen time, effort, expenses through the use of computerized inventory system. Establishment. bridal of the system enables the G-ERB Construction Supply to be more matched and earn advantages than other businesses with the help of high technologies today. It also keep an accurate count of stocks. Management. Inventory system is an application used in monitoring and tracking sales on the store shelves. It reduces the storage of the product, and most importantly the competitive edge of having an efficient management of supply that reduces time and correct report of inventory levels, hereby, cause reduction in error. Overall, it helps to minimized the storage, labour and discussion cost. It is easy to manage and record all the incoming and outgoing supplies and can generate report retrieve data faster, so that they can keep off losing and misplacing data. Personnel. The system helps the personnel to do the job easier without pressure and hassle in doing it on the spot, and the system helps to do their job better without more than time and effort, lessening their stress. Students. The students may gain valuable experience rom the study since they may be future managers and programmers of different companies. This may enhance the students capabilities and potentials in applying different principles and theories they learned inside the classroom. Researchers. The researchers may gain knowledge for future studies. Through the proposed system, they would be able to improve the system for a better use. 1. 5 Scope and Limitation This study was conducted to determine and monitor records for the stock on hand and supply that are being exchange and also, to keep the records updated and accurate.This study was conducted at G-ERB Construction Supply last November 26, 2011 in concert with the manager Ms. Michelle O. Valdez and the members of the research team. It focuses only on the stocks inventory and keeping the records updated and accurate in order for the owner to be well informed about the situation of her business. This study was only limited because it does not cover the altogether operations of their accounting and billing department. It does not include ordering and deliver customers records. It is more focus on updating the records of stocks or the inventory of stocks. This system will not function without electricity.