'A Brief Introduction for Chinese Culture\r'

'A sketch introduction for Chinese nicety hea henceish mise en scene chinaw are, as one of the four homes of the world’s earliest civilization, has a recorded history of c stick outly 4,000 years. Through centuries of migration, merging and development, it has boded a distinctive system of language, writing, philosophy, artistry and semipolitical organization, which came to be recognise as Chinese culture. It originated from Xia, Shang and Zhou dynasty, which was kn consume as slave culture period. Xia culture represented the archeozoic Chinese culture and Zhou culture contributed to the cast of characters of more than than 2000 years of feudalism culture in China.The May 4th Movement of 1919 was also an Copernican date because it symbolized that it entered into a refreshing culture period. In the spring and autumn and warring-states period, slave society bit by bit turned into feudalism society and a circle of thinkers sprang up with their immortal work. Am ong those, Confucianism was the roughly successful, which helped to build up the norms and values of Chinese populate in the pastime centuries and also was employ as a method for emperors to rule the state of matter.However, subsequently the fall of Qing dynasty, the last feudalism dynasty, Confucianism, which was seen as the product of feudalism society lose its dominant redact. But its influence understood lasts until now. also Confucianism, Taoism and Buddhism also once played an important mathematical function in ancient Chinese. Nevertheless, like a shot most of Chinese are atheists. Buddhism is the biggest religion in China with a history of somewhat 2,000 years. Then Muslim comes the second. It is touristed within minority nationalities such as Hui and Uygur.Christianism and universality are also believed in by both(prenominal) people. However, Taoism as indigenous religion has the fewest followers. Moreover, China is a multi-national country with quiet differ ent 56 groups, in which Han has the largest population. Every group has its own language, customs, festivals and nearly fixed residence. In order to solve the problems of dialogue between groups and facilitates management, the politics standardized language with popularizing mandarin, which is mostly ground on Beijing dialect. ethnic valuesThe development of Chinese values can be divided into two phrases:the former is the tralatitious ethnic values; the latter is modern pagan values, which is stirred by the westbound culture since the 20th century. Confucianism is the subject matter element in traditional values. Deeply influenced by Confucianism , Chinese people tightly adhere to the belief of Mean and try to avoid conflicts. Afterwards, with time dismissal by, Confucianism experienced improvements by combining with Taoism and Buddhism. In this period, Confucianism think on serviceman, for example, the relationship between human and human, human and temperament an d so on.Under the influence of the above positionors, Chinese traditional values can be cerebrate into the following aspects: -believe in self struggle ‘ military man’s determination can conquer the nature’ is an gray Chinese say. Chinese people believe that through their efforts they can change their life. -emphasis on the art of tolerance Tolerance is some other characteristic for Chinese nation. Chinese people won’t be easily infuriated by others. They are used to avoid conflicts and keep peace. It seems to be a micro cowardly . But the truth is that many salient men succeed because of temporary tolerance . -follow the majorityThis is still a serious problem in at present’s society. Conformist mentality has proved to hasten negative effect on building up one’s confidence and independence. People are not automatic to express its own whimsy to keep conformity with the majority and become passive. -respect the old Respect for the o ld is a Chinese traditional virtue. Not kindred western individual consciousness, Chinese parents think it’s their duty to look after their children and do all that they can do for them. So when children grow up, they tend to be grateful for their parents’ contribution. As a result, the old enjoy a highschool position in the family.Moreover, since the old experience practicallytimes more than the young, young people are willinging to listen to their stamps when making decision. -collectivism This means that Chinese, in general, is a collective society that strives for harmony and group belonging, whether to family, friends, work, or country. The Chinese are more willing to cut back their own feelings and needs for the good of the group. This value has been passed hatful the Chinese culture from folklores where martyrs sacrificed their lives for their community or country ever since the dynastical eras 5,000 years ago.The arrival of western cultural value stroke Chinese traditional culture values and helped to discard any(prenominal) backward or bad parts of traditional values. Moreover, it also brought some liaison new such as freedom, charity, democracy and etc. Cultural norms -saving face and losing face ‘Fcae’ stands for one’s position in a definite social group. It’s related to honor, good reputation or respect. Consequently, want of face is not simply a form of embarrassment. Saving face is another concept. Chinese people respect a person who is friendly and who cautiously avoids hurting the feelings of others.Loud, untactful or boisterous demeanor is usually regarded as very poor taste. †address When meeting for the first time, a handshake is the most common greeting. In order to express some special esteem, to those elderly people or government officials, a slight bow might be accustomed. -gift When visiting a family it is appropriate to bring a small gift, such as fruits, to the host, especi ally around New Year’s time. Gifts should be given and received with both hands. It is also a Chinese custom when receiving a gift to thank you for it and then place it to the side without opening it. eating ·Chopsticks and a soup spoon are common eating utensils. Food is not passed around the table, but cadaver in the center. The host usually chooses the food for his guests and serves it to them from the substitution dishes on the table. ·Refusing to drink is sometimes thought as dishonor to the people who toast to you. -relationship (guan-xi) Guan xi is a Chinese word which means relationship. One’s guan-xi, is an important factor in the individual’s social status. It is also an important Chinese duty element.Having a right guan xi helps companies to minimize the risks, frustrations, and disappointments. Guan-xi relationship, like face behavior, is obligation between individuals for the purpose of criminal maintenance of group integrity. -parents d ominant Parents are accustomed to interfere children’s decision and sometimes just hear for them regardless of their own wishes. -look down on girls In some remote areas, the natives still prefer boys to girls. If a family has two children and they can’t afford the commandment fees for both of them, the boy will have more chance to go to school.Ways of communication -nonverbal communication Chinese is a high context country. communicative communication is as common as verbal communication. Nonverbal communication includes facial expression, tones of voice , questions, and eye contact. They’re quiet important in Chinese quotidian life and sometimes it is even more tendinous than the verbal interaction. Different gestures have different meanings. collect to different cultural background, even the same gesture has different meaning for people in certain context. -avoid speaking directly Speaking directly is often considered rudeness.Try to be â€Å"diploma tic” and tactful where possible, as the Chinese may be offended by heterosexualism in some situations. For example, it is a terrible thing to be criticized in public due to the fact that harmony is highly valued in Chinese society. -conversation tips Find some common areas to talk about such as family, sports and etc. Don’t verbally attack China and be attentive about criticizing things there, as many Chinese will feel personally attacked by this. Avoid political arguments, as many Chinese feel disinclined to speak or explore their true opinion about the current government. saying â€Å"thank you” â€Å"Thank you” is said a lot less than in the West. In a lot of instances, for example when mortal opens a door for you or passes the soy sauce, saying â€Å"thank you” is seen as cosmos over cultivated and without meaning, and is often met with requests for you not to be so well-behaved (over-polite). -saying â€Å"Excuse me” â€Å"Excus e me” is not used as often in China. People are judge to give way naturally to one another on the street or when walking around, without anything being said.Interrupting somebody talking or doing something else to ask a question, make a request, etc. also happens regularly without any warning or apology. -compliments Be careful when complimenting someone’s possessions or somebody because they may think it’s a kind of flatter rather than appreciation. In conclusion, Chinese culture is based on the wisdom of Confucius and quiet different from western culture in many aspects. But nowadays because of the process of globalization, Chinese people are line to learn from mainstream culture and improve and develop their own culture.\r\n'