Animal Testing

2 /2 of 134 DIMDI : AnimAlt-ZEBET (ZT00 (c ) BfR (ZEBET ) 2008ND :ZEBET203MNR :203LR :29 .06 .2007SH :ImmunologyTitle :Production of antibodies by IgY engine room in the crank yolk of cowardlyLanguage :englishUT :IgY ZEBET animal experiments animal interrogative sentence alternatives animal theatrical role alternatives animal welf ar antibodies antibodies , avian antibodies , icteric antibodies , monoclonal antibodies , polyclonal antibody production bleed bleeding stimulate blood-letting chicken ducks clod yolk goats ginzo pigs hens hens , laying horses immunization immunization , DNA immunization , passive immune gamma globulin Y immunoglobulins immunology mice attend to of animals pharmacy production , antibody track downs rats reduction acculturation sheep strains , inbred inoculation veterinary medicine yolkEV :R eduction ,RefinementSTA :Scientific AcceptanceVOR :Not give way for regulatory purposesAB :BACKGROUNDPolyclonal antibodies are usually obtained from rabbits , only excessively from mice , rats and wop pigs , and larger amounts from sheep , goats and horses . Two invasive procedures are generally intrinsic for polyclonal antibody production , both of which cause distress and pain to the animals . firstborn , the animals have to be injected with the relevant antigen to induce activation of the loathsome system the initial immunisation is usually followed by bomber injections . Some time later blood is collected to seize and purify the desired antibodies . In contrast , isolation of antibodies from birds does non solicit sampling of bloodMETHODIn immunised chicken hens , the kinetics of particular(prenominal) antibody generation are comparable to that of rabbits . However , a pregnant portion of the produced antibodies is transferred from the blood serum to the nut case . Between 50 to snow mg immunoglobulin! washstand be isolated from the pelt yolk containing up to 10 mg of circumstantial antibody . but , procedures for isolation from egg yolk are simple (e .g . Schade et al , 1996 and 2005 .

Chicken egg yolk immunoglobulin is phylogenetically perspicuous from mammalian immunoglobulin immunoglobulin G it is therefore called IgYPolyclonal IgY antibodies can be utilise in the same way as IgG antibodies but offer advantages in terms of specificity , cross-reactivity and sensitivity permitting the use for special applications . When using chicken , a higher character of specific antibody against mammalian antigen ca n be produced , especially when the antigen is a passing conserved protein (e .g . Calzado et al , 2001 . In addition , chicken IgY does not bind to complement nor to human or bacterial Fc receptors and does not cross-react with mammalian IgG (see review by Schade et al 2005 . to a greater extent recently , the so-called IgY technology has been used to catch gene-specific antibodies for nosology and drug discovery (e .g . Zhang , 2003 Cova 2005 . Other bird species providing IgY for question and symptomatic purposes include quails and breeding ducks (e .g Cova , 2005CONCLUSIVE REVIEWIsolation of polyclonal antibodies from bird eggs constitutes a refinement method compared with traditional approaches based on extracting blood from mammals . Because a single chicken or duck egg contains as much antibody as an average bleed from a rabbit , this simple , economical non-invasive method may also keep off the killing of laboratory animals in some instances . avian antibodies (IgY ) ca n be used for a wide redact of applications...If you! trust to get a full essay, order it on our website: OrderCustomPaper.com

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